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Sale 30
Lot 1023
Jefferson, Thomas (1743-1826) 3rd President of the United States, 1801-1809. Autograph Letter Signed as U.S. Minister to France, Paris, Sept. 18, 1787, 2½ pp quarto. Written to David Rittenhouse (1732-96), who was state treasurer of Pennsylvania at the time (1777-89), and who became director of the U.S. mint (1792-95). He was also an astronomer and instrument maker who helped determine the boundary lines of several states, including part of the Mason-Dixon Line, and he succeeded Benjamin Franklin as president (1791-96) of the American Philosophical Society. Jefferson writes a wonderful letter full of science and politics to his erudite contemporary. He refers to publications of the American Philosophical Society and mentions books he is sending to future President James Madison, and Signer of the Declaration of the Independence, Francis Hopkinson, as well as to Rittenhouse (three volumes for Rittenhouse are included with this lot). The seal tear has been repaired and the letter professionally conserved. The consignor has owned this lot since 1974. In full:
Paris, Sep. 18. 1787. Dear Sir I am now to acknolege the receipt of your favors of April 14. & June 26. as also of the 2d vol. of the transactions you were so kind as to send me. It would have been a grateful present indeed could you have accompanied them with a copy of your observations on our Western country. Besides the interest I feel in that country in common with others, I have a particular one as having ventured so many crudities on that subject. A copy of these with some late corrections I have put into a box of books sent to Mr. Madison, and another for Mr. Hopkinson. I hope he will forward them to you from New York. I have also put into the same box for you a dissertation by de la Sauvagere on the spontaneous growth of shells. When I was at Tours this summer, I enquired into the character of de la Sauvagere from a gentleman who had known him well. He told me he was a person of talents, but of a heated imagination, however that he might be depended on for any facts advanced on his own knolege. This gentleman added that he had seen such proofs of this growth of shells in many parts of the country round Tours, as to convince him of the truth of the fact, and that he had never seen any person, even the most incredulous, quit thos Falunieres but under the same conviction. After all I cannot say I give faith to it. It is so unlike the processes of nature to produce the same effect in two different ways, that I can only bring myself to agree it is not impossible. I have added for you the Connoissance des temps for 88. and 89. and a copy of Fourcroi's chemistry which is the best and most complete publication in that line which we have had for some time past. I shall be happy to receive an account of your improvement in time pieces, as well as the 3d. vol. of the transactions [of the American Philosophical Society] when published. There are abundance of good things in the 2d. vol. but I must say there are several which had not merit enough to be placed in such company. I think we should be a little rigid in our admission of papers. It is the peculiar privilege derived from our not being obliged to publish a volume in any fixed period of time.-- A person here pretends to have discovered the method of rendering sea-water potable, and has some respectable certificates of it's success. He has contrived a varnish also for lining biscuit barrels, which preserves the biscuit good, and keeps it free from insects. He asks money for his secrets, so we are not to know them soon.
The affairs of Holland had got so far entangled as to leave little hope that war could be avoided. In this situation the Turks have declared war against the Russians. This I think renders a general war inevitable. Perhaps the European powers may take this winter to determine which side each shall take. There is a possibility that an alliance between France and the two empires may induce England and Prussia to tread back their steps. In that case the Patriotic party in Holland will be peaceably placed at the head of their government, the Turks will be driven out of Europe, their continental possessions divided between Russia and the Emperor, and perhaps their islands and Egypt be allotted to France. These events seem possible at present. Small circumstances however may baffle our expectations. I hope the British will permit us to keep clear of the war, if it should become general. Peace should be our plan, and the paiment of our debts, improvement of our constitutions and extension of agriculture our principal objects.
My daughters are well. The elder one joins me in a friendly recollection of Mrs. Rittenhouse, yourself, and daughters: and I am with very sincere esteem Dear Sir your most obedient & most humble servant Th: Jefferson
This letter was published by The Papers of Thomas Jefferson in 1955 (Vol. 12, pp 144-145, Princeton University Press) and a "pressed copy" is in the Library of Congress. Accompanied by three of the volumes that Jefferson refers to in his letter: Elémens d'Histoire Naturelle et de Chimie by Fourcroy, Paris, 1786. 3 vols. (ex 4), 8vo, in original mottled calf, gilt back. Covers worn; interiors toned but intact. Vol. I is inscribed "Mr. Rittenhouse" in Jefferson's hand on the first end page.
Estimated Value $20,000 - 30,000.
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Lot 1017
Garfield, James A (1831-1881) 20th President of the United States, 1881. Exceedingly rare Letter Signed ("J. A. Garfield") as President, on Executive Mansion letterhead, Washington, D.C., May 10, 1881, 1p. 9 x 5 ½ in. Written two months and six days after his inauguration to Mrs. Cecilia S. Sherman, regarding the health of Mrs. Garfield, who had contracted malaria:
"Dear Mrs. Sherman: Accept my thanks for your kind note of this evening to Mrs. Garfield. She is very ill and weak, but I hope and believe the worst is over. Very truly yours, J.A. Garfield."
The President had canceled appointments to personally nurse the First Lady. By mid June, she was able to travel to the New Jersey shore to convalesce. On July 2nd, Garfield was on his way to visit his wife in Elberon, New Jersey, when he was shot by Charles Guiteau, a disgruntled office seeker, in the waiting room of the Baltimore & Potomac railroad station in Washington, D.C. He died on September 19 in Elberon, having been transferred there September 6th, at his request, by a special train. He had functioned as President just under four months, second in brevity only to William Henry Harrison, who served only one month. Letters signed by Garfield as President are extremely rare. Light toning and a few ink spots. A note penciled by Mrs. Sherman on the verso of the blank integral leaf says, "Last note from Gen'l Garfield."
Together with an Autograph Letter Signed "Lucretia R. Garfield" as First Lady (Washington, D.C.), n.d. (Friday morning), 1 ½ pp., 7 x 4 ½ in. To Mrs. MacVeagh, wife of Attorney General I. Wayne MacVeagh, asking the couple to come and help her entertain company. In part: "…I will expect you and the Attorney General a little before eight o'clock. Remind Mr. MacVeagh of his promise to come empowered to demand the attendance of the President…." In a postscript, signed "L.R.G.," the First Lady suddenly remembers that renowned French actress Sarah Bernhardt is appearing in Washington: "It has just come to my mind that this is the first of the Bernhardt nights. If you have made arrangements to go to hear and see her, do not hesitate to consider yourselves exemed [sic] from this informal invitiation." Letters signed by Mrs. Garfield as First Lady are rare. With Executive Mansion envelope.
Also included is a copy of a dispatch on the President's condition, issued from the Executive Mansion, July 10, 1881, by the surgeons attending the President.
Estimated Value $17,000 - 20,000.
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Lot 1131
Draft of William Penn's 1701 Charter for the City of Philadelphia. A unique scribe's copy of what was to become the 1701 City of Philadelphia Charter, given to the city by William Penn. Dated "the twenty fifth day of Eighth Ano Domini thirteenth year of the reign of King William over England and the 21 of my government" and signed "William Penn" in the hand of the scribe. The document is folded and measures 7½ x 12 in., with writing on both sides; it unfolds upward to show double-sided writing. Likely written by James Logan, Penn's personal friend and secretary for almost 50 years. In scalloped, calligraphic form, in dark brown ink, missing large sections of the central passages, with multiple edge tears, file folds, overall toning, and scattering spotting; however, the text does form a complete beginning and end. Each page has been photographed separately (the pages are attached) so that the entire draft can be viewed.
When this draft is compared with the actual city charter (which measures 3 x 4 feet), a few slight word changes are found in the text, which should be of interest to the scholar. A facsimile of a photograph of the 1701 City Charter, taken in 1895, accompanies this lot. It contrasts with the condition of the actual charter today, which was donated to the city in the 1950s in deplorable condition, barely legible and in pieces (in a shoebox!), and in no way resembling the 1895 photograph.
Penn arrived in Philadelphia for his second and final visit in December 1699. He would leave in November 1701, being forced to return to England to refute a move by the Crown to seize Penn's land in America. Before leaving, Penn decided to grant a full charter to the inhabitants of Philadelphia for self rule: the charter of October 25, 1701. In Memorial History of the City of Philadelphia (1895, Vol I.), John Russell Young notes: "The essential act by which Philadelphia took on an independent rank and dignity was performed in the last days of the Governor's stay. He signed the Charter for the City on the 25th of October, appointing Edward Shippen, Mayor, Thomas Story, Recorder, Thomas Farmer Sherriff, and Robert Ashten Town Clerk and Chief of the Courts." There wasn't another city charter until 1775. This rare and unique draft document is part of Philadelphia's founding history.
Estimated Value $12,000 - 15,000.
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Lot 1442
Monroe, Marilyn - Nude Calendar Signed. Calendar Signed by Marilyn Monroe with a huge signature, some 3¼ in. high and over 6½ in. across. The photograph of Marilyn is Pose #1 from the "Red Velvet Collection," a series of nude poses taken by photographer Tom Kelley on May 27, 1949, before Marilyn became famous. The photo measures 19¾ x 15¾ in.; printed to the right is "Posed by Marilyn Monroe," and below the photo: "Golden Dreams." The 1954 calendar for Paramount Press, Inc. is 33 x 15 in. There is some wear to the bottom and to the edges of the calendar, but only one blemish on Marilyn--on her left thigh. The huge signature, signed in blue ink, begins on her left hip and continues into the red background. The calendar is attractively matted in gunmetal gray and framed in a black metal frame to an overall size of 47½ x 29½ in. Stunning!
Estimated Value $15,000 - 20,000.
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Lot 1734
Complete Psitaccosaurus Dinosaur, 127 Million Years Old. All of the bones from this important dinosaur were removed from their 127 million year old rocky tomb and professionally mounted in a life-like running position. Some of the excellent-quality bones are fused together with rods in the middle to give the skeleton a natural appearance without wire braces and frames. This dramatic Psittacosaurus skeleton is 36 in. long with more than 85% real bone, unlike most museum dinosaurs which usually are casts or 15-25% original. The only restored bones are at the end of the tail, neural spines and a few hard bones.
The 4 x 5 in. skull is excellent with the important Jugals (extension of the jaw bones) plus fenestrae (openings at the back of the skull that define Psittacosaurus as the most ancient of Ceratopsians -- hormed dinosaurs). Psittacosaurus did not have horns like its more famous relative, Triceratops. This magnificent dinosaur is so well preserved because it was buried in volcanic ash from a gigantic eruption 127 million years ago in Liaoning Province, China. Psittacosaurus (translates to "parrot beaked reptile") is so very imporant as the smallest "horned" dinosaur that eventually became some of the most bizarre dinosaurs at the end of the Cretaceous period.
In recent news, also in Liaoning Province, a baby Psittaccosaurus was found in the stomach of the remains of a Mesozoic, dog-sized mammal, the first evidence scientists had that some triconodont mammals were carnivorous and fed on small vertebrates, including young dinosaurs.
This is a rare opportunity to acquire a museum-mounted dinosaur. The skull and all four limbs are easy to remove for study and then put back in the mount for a unique, table-top display. A similar, slightly-larger specimen brought over $58,000 in a recent Natural History auction.
Allow $550 for crating and shipping.
Estimated Value $13,000 - 20,000.
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Lot 1141
Marshall, John (1755-1835) Revolutionary War officer; American jurist; 4th Chief Justice of the United States (1801-35). He was the principal founder of the American system of constitutional law, including judicial review; he participated in over 1000 reviews.
Autograph Letter Signed ("J Marshall") as Chief Justice of the U.S., Richmond (Virginia), Aug. 11, 1833, 2½ pp quarto plus integral address leaf. To Major Henry Lee, son of "Light Horse Harry" Lee and brother of Confederate general Robert E. Lee. Henry Lee was a soldier and author of books defending his father's record. Marshall discusses some views and questions pertaining to the five-volume biography, Life of Washington (published in 1805 then revised and a second edition published in the 1820s), as they relate to Major Lee's father, to Thomas Jefferson, The Champe Affair, James Madison, John Jay, etc. The seal tear has been repaired and the letter professionally conserved. Excellent content. In part:
"…I wish very much that your remarks had occurred to me before the book was published. Some alterations would have taken place in it./ The battle of Bunkers hill is not noticed because it occurred before General Washington took command of the army….I regret that Champe's affair is entirely pretermitted. Had I suspected that the effect of this silence could have been such as you suggest, I should have made some allusions to it. But the statement made by General Lee must of itself…refute the malignant remark of Mr. Jefferson….The letters of General Washington which he has published, the desertion and reception of Champe on his return, are facts of public notoriety - with the knowledge of many persons who must have been living when your Fathers memoirs were published. I have not alluded to it because, for all that part of the narrative for which no authority is cited, I profess to rely on the manuscript papers of General Washington. Had his letter to your Father of October 20th 1780, been among the papers placed in my hands, I think it almost impossible that I could have omitted to notice it in the original work….Had I mentioned Champe's affair, when proposing the 2d edition, I must have referred to your Father's memoirs as my authority….But the great object of the second edition was to reduce the compass of the first, and I avoided occasions of enlarging it. You mention some instances of the insertion of fresh matter furnished by Lafayette. The General himself addressed to me a long communication the object of which was believed to be the introduction of the matter it contained…./ I was personally acquainted with General Davie and entertained no doubt of the correctness of his letter respecting Washington's movement at Hobkirks Hill….I will add that it did and does appear to me improbable, considering the smallness of the columns engaged in battle, that the cavalry could have made an impetuous charge on the rear, whose impression would not have been felt in the front. I recollected too, having heard Colonel Carrington say that Washington fell on the rear among the medical staff and captured all the surgeons. / I believe…that Mr. Jefferson, in his letter to Mr. Gerry designed to comprehend me with that gentleman as favoring pacific measures. the injustice is not in supposing that I should be found in favor of them, but that General Pinckney would be opposed to them…./ I cannot comprehend the paragraph to which you refer in the letter from Mr. Jefferson to Mr. Madison of the 28th of Dec. [17]94. I could not doubt that he alludes to a letter addressed by Mr. Jay to Mr. Madison had you not informed me that no such letter exists….It may be that Mr. Jays letter was inclosed in one from the secretary of state to Mr. Madison, who is requested by Mr. Jefferson to answer Mr. Randolph's letter, not Mr. Jay's…."
Estimated Value $4,000 - 6,000.
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Lot 1629
A Rare and Fantastic Set of Steel Dies for the Making of Apostle Spoons. United States, c. 1916. We are very pleased to offer this complete set of dies that were made up for the most famous and oldest of collectible spoons, the Apostle Spoons. Each Apostle forms a set comprised of a "trimmer" die and punch, plus the front and back dies, artfully engraved, which impart the modeled image to the spoon's handle. Each Apostle is depicted as a bearded male (except for one), with varying hair styles and degrees of baldness (or lack of), and in long robes. The figures stand on elaborate bases. Each has a specific attribute he carries, along with a book of Gospels. Sets can vary depending on which of 15 or so individuals, that made up the Apostles, are included. In this group, the following are seen: Die 151; St. Peter, with a key. Die 152; St. Paul, holding a sword. Die 153; St. James the Major holding a pilgrim's staff. Die 154; St. Simon with a saw. Die 155; St. Philip with a long staff surmounted with a ball; the staff should be topped by a cross, so presumably the sphere should represent a globus cruciger finial. Die 156; St. Andrew holding a cross. Die 157; St. Matthew holding an axe (a less frequent attribute). Die 158; St. Thaddeus, or Jude, holding a halberd. Die 159; St. John clasping a chalice. Die 160; St. Bartholomew with a butcher's knife. Die 161; St. Thomas with a set-square. Lastly, Die 162; St. James the Minor, with a club. The reverse dies have the word "STERLING" on it, and below, the maker's mark of a crossed pick and shovel, plus M, B. This emblem was used by Joseph Mayer & Brothers, who worked in Seattle, Washington around the turn of the century, and manufactured sterling flatware and souvenir spoons. The renderings of the Apostles are of very high quality, indicating that there was a costly investment in producing the dies. As already indicated, each Apostle consists of 4 pieces. In addition, there is a "blanker" punch and cutting die for 154, that of St. Simon, plus a jig, or template, apparently for setting the depth of the punches.The material is very well preserved, and should one desire so, most of what is essential to restart production is here in this lot. Lot consists of a total of 51 pieces. Collectors or manufacturers, this offering is too good to pass up! The estimate for this set of dies is a fraction of what the costs would be today -- for the die fabricating, engineering, and set ups for production, initial costs for such quality works of art could easily reach or exceed $60,000 to $75,000!
Estimated Value $5,500 - 6,500.
Apostle spoons, in modern terms, are one of the oldest form of collector silver spoons available. The finial is designed in the shape of one of the 12 Apostles, although the specific details and attributes of each apostle often varies from culture to culture, or period and location. A full set of Apostle spoons will consist of twelve or thirteen spoons, usually silver, with a small figure of one of the twelve Apostles at the end of each stem -- if a set of thirteen, Jesus also is then included (the Master spoon). The Apostles are distinguished from each other by their respective emblems or attributes -- usually the instrument of their death. Some Apostle spoons have been dated to the 1500's but these are exceedingly rare. Generally, they begin to appear with any frequency from the 17th century on.
Researching the history of these spoons, it seems they were most frequently gifted individually, rather than as complete sets (such a gift being reserved only for the wealthy). The bestowal of such a spoon was a generous gift indeed, as the majority of spoons at this time were made of wood, or at best, pewter. Since they were luxury items at all times, affluent relations or grandparents would typically buy one spoon representing a baby's "Apostle" and it would be presented to the child at its Christening. This spoon would be used only by that person and it would be kept for life. Thus we see that most of the old Apostle spoons show considerable wear both at the finial, and at the bowl. It is thought that the phrase "to be born with a silver spoon" comes from this tradition.
As mentioned, were manufacturers of quality silver flatware, clocks, and other decorative items in the Seattle area. The dies were produced by Joseph Mayers & Bros. around 1916. E.J. Towle Co. produced and marketed the spoons. After both companies eventually ceased and were sold, one of the Mayers son's requested the return of the dies and they remained in the family's possesion until 1994, where they were disbursed in the family estate sale. The above pieces are all that remain of the total production pieces. Apparently the dies and forms for stamping out the bowls no longer exist.
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Lot 1821
Alabaster Cosmetic Jar Inscribed with the Royal Cartouche of Rameses IV. Egypt, 18th Dynasty, c. 1154-1148 BC. Rameses IV: Hekamaatresetepenamun, the starting dates for his 6 year reign range around 1164-1151 BC. Cosmetic jar of ovoid form, with wide flat everted rim. Neatly fashioned in a patterned (now) tan-brown alabaster, the jar bears to two carefully engraved, crowned cartouches with an abbreviated form of his name -- Hekamaatre Rameses. Jar intact and perfect, with scattered encrustations/patina. The area surrounding the cartouches lightly and very carefully cleaned a very long ago. Height: 3". A splendid, "classically" Egyptian artifact from a short-reigned, yet notable pharaoh. Comes with hand written note, translating the name, by Professor John Callender of UCLA.
Estimated Value $7,000 - 8,000.
Rameses IV was the son of Rameses III, and was the third pharaoh of the Twentieth Dynasty of the New Kingdom era of Ancient Egypt. He survived a "harem conspiracy" which attempted to depose his father and likewise to spoil his claims to the throne. As king, he attempted a building campaign on the scale of Rameses II, but did not live long enough to accomplish his goals -- his reign lasting no more than six years.
His tomb (KV 2) was found in the Valley of the Kings and his mummy is now in the Cairo Museum. The remains indicate that Rameses was a small man, bald, with a long nose and good teeth. His tomb is rather different then most other royal tombs constructed there. Because Rameses IV assumed the thrown in a period of economic decline in Egypt, his tomb, though large, is quite simplistic, nevertheless its layout being unique in many ways. The tomb was known early on, and was frequently used as a sort of hotel by early explorers such as Champollion, Rosellini, Hay, Davis and others. It also appears to have been frequently visited in antiquity. There is considerable Coptic and Greek graffiti on the walls. Little funerary equipment is known to have been found within the tomb itself. The sarcophagus and the tomb was broken into during antiquity and the contents disturbed or dispersed.
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Lot 1082
Lincoln, Mary Todd (1818-1882) Wife of President Abraham Lincoln. Autograph Letter Signed twice "M.L.," once at the end of the letter, the last paragraph of which is written over page 1, and after a postscript written over page 2, on mourning-bordered stationery, St. Charles (Illinois), Nov. 14 (1871), 4 pp+ (2 sheets) octavo. A grief-filled, emotional letter written a few months after the death of Tad (Thomas) on July 15, 1871, to Mrs. Lincoln's good friend Rhoda White, wife of an immigrant Irishman who had risen to become a justice of the New York Superior Court. Mrs. White, who had lost several children and her husband by this time, was a great source of help and advice to Mrs. Lincoln. According to Justin G. Turner and Linda Levitt Turner in Mary Todd Lincoln, Her Life and Letters, "Letters written by Mary Lincoln in the period between 1871 and 1876 are today the rarest of items." Linda Turner, in a 3 page typed letter written in 1973 (copy included) specifically discussing this letter, notes: "This letter is particularly valuable.There are no more than a dozen known letters written by Mrs. Lincoln between the time of Tad's death and her last trip to Europe following her release from the sanitarium at Batavis in 1875. Interestingly enough, though it bears evidence of deep grief, it is not the letter of a mentally ill person." An exceptional letter, in fine condition. In full:
St. Charles / Nov. 14th / My Dear Mrs. White: Many thanks for your kind attention, regarding the steamer. I feel that there is no end, to the trouble, I give you, dear, dear friend.
In consideration of the bad feeling in the South towards the North & the eve of a Presidential election pending, with the name of Lincoln, I scarcely think it would be safe to venture. So for the present, I decline the trip. The truth I am so wretched in my mind, so utterly cast down by my fearful bereavement, I have not the energy left to do anything. My friends have thought, change of scene might benefit, but it will only be the final & great change, that restores me to my idolised ones, that will ever cause me to be myself again.
Just as I had in a measure returned to my natural cheerfulness - with a worshipped son, by my side, who could not bear me out of his sight when I was feeling that once more, I had something to live for, who was my pride, my fond delight, to have this precious one, snatched from my arms.
I sometimes think that the glories of the Hereafter will scarcely compensate, for the sorrows of this life - yet I soften, when I think of the blessed reunion. Lovingly, your friend. M.L. Please address me care of my son - 16 Congress St. Chicago. M.L.
Estimated Value $5,000 - 10,000.
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Lot 1137
Declaration of the Causes for Taking Up Arms. "A DECLARATION by the REPRESENTATIVES of the United Colonies of North-America, now met in General Congress at Philadelphia, setting forth the Causes and Necessity of their taking up ARMS….By Order of Congress, JOHN HANCOCK, President. Charles Thompson, Secretary, Attested, Philadelphia, July 6th, 1775." This declaration, drafted by Thomas Jefferson and modified by John Dickinson, takes up 3½ columns on the front and back pages of the July 15, 1775 issue of The Pennsylvania Ledger: or the Virginia, Maryland, Pennsylvania, & New-Jersey Weekly Advertiser, a Tory newspaper published in Philadelphia by James Humphreys, Jr. The Pennsylvania Ledger was in existence from 1775-1778. It was suspended with the issue of May 23, 1778, no. 155, just previous to the evacuation of Philadelphia by British troops. Brigham lists only five institutions having a copy of the July 15, 1775 issue, with none listed as being in private hands.
In part: "…The legislature of Great Britain …stimulated by an inordinate passion attempted to effect their cruel and impolitic purpose of enslaving these Colonies by violence, and have thereby rendered it necessary for us to close with their last appeal from Reason to Arms…. They have undertaken to give and grant our money without our consent, though we have ever exercised an exclusive right to dispose of our own property; statutes have been passed for extending the jurisdiction of our courts of Admiralty and Vice Admiralty beyond their ancient limits; for depriving us of the accustomed and inestimable privilege of trial by jury in cases affecting both life and property; for suspending the legislature of one of the Colonies; for interdicting all commerce with another; and for altering fundamentally the form of government established by charter…and for quartering soldiers upon the colonists in time of profound peace….by one statute it is declared, that Parliament can 'of right make laws to bind us IN ALL CASES WHATSOEVER.' What is to defend us against so enormous so unlimited a power? Not a single man of those who assume it, is chosen by us; or is subject to our control or influence….We saw the misery to which such despotism would reduce us. We for ten years incessantly and inaffectually besieged the throne as supplicants….We are reduced to the alternative of choosing an unconditional submission to the tyranny of irritated ministers, or resistance by force. The latter is our choice. We have counted the cost of this contest, and find nothing so dreadful as voluntary slavery….We cannot endure the infamy and guilt of resigning succeeding generations to that wretchedness which inevitably awaits them, if we basely entail hereditary bondage upon them. / Our cause is just. Our union is perfect. Our internal resources are great, and if necessary foreign assistance is undoubtedly attainable….In our own native land, in defence of the freedom that is our birthright…for the protection of our property, we have taken up arms. We shall lay them down when hostilities shall cease on the part of the aggressors…and not before…."
Estimated Value $7,000 - 10,000.
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